Recent Changes

Census- The process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic, and social data about all people living in a particular area.
Developed Country- A country with a highly developed economy and inffrastructure and high living standards
Developing Country - A
Birth Rate- The numbers of births per 1000 people in a country in a given year
Death Rate- the number of deaths per 1000 people in a country in a given year
{Birth_&_Death_rate.JPG} Birth and death rates in Canada (per 1000 people), 1950–2010
Immigration Rate- The number of new arrivals in a country given a year per 1000 people.
{Immigration_rate.JPG} Immigration rates for 1945-1967
Emigration Rate- The number of people leaving a country in a given year per 1000 people
Industrialization- The overall change in a society from farm production and craftsmanship to mechanized manufacturing production.
Urbanization- The move of people from farms to cities where jobs are avaible
Natural Increase(NI) - The rate at which a population increases (or decreases) in a year expressed in as a percentage of the total population; calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate.
{NI.JPG} Natural increase of selected countries, 2005-2010 This does not include immigrants.
Demographic Transition Model- A model that shows changes in a population's birth and death rates and growth based on technological development
{Demographic_transition_model.JPG} The demographic transition model showing examples of countries in various stages of demographic transition.
Industrialization- The overall change in a society from farm production and craftsmanship to mechanized manufacturing production.
Urbanization- The move of people from farms to cities where jobs are avaible
Mortality- deaths in a population
Population Pyramid- A bar that shows male and female populations back to back at age intervals of five years

{Figure 13-8.JPG} This map shows forested areas that existed under natural conditions. Much of the forested areas in India, China, Western Europe, and eastern North America have been cleared.
Ground Water-Water beneath Earth's surface in underround streams and other forms
and oceans.
Wastewater- Water that has been used in homes or industries and as a result contains waste products
Aquifer- An underground layer of rock, grave, etc., from which water can be drawn for wells which is a source of springs.
of service.
{Figure 13-11.JPG} Global water withdrawals by supply source
{Figure 13-12.JPG} Groundwater depletion. Overpumping with diesel and electric pumps mines the water faster than it can be recharged by rain or seepage from surface sources. The falling water table means wells must be dug deeper.
{Figure 13-15.JPG} Average water use per person per day, 1998–2002
Greenhouse gases- Various gases in the atmosphere that absorbs and emit radiation, including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
Ozone layer- A thin layer of ozone in the atmosphere that 15-30kms above Earth; the Ozone layer filters the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays
CFC-Chemicals used in coolants, solvents, and aerosol cans that damage the ozone layer
Montreal Protocol-An international agreement signed 1987 to phase out the ozone-depleting
Greenhouse effect-greenhouse gases that heat the atmosphere, causing Earth's temperature to rise.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change- the UN's plan to keep greenhouse gas concentrations from increasing created at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janerio, Brazil.
Kyoto Protocol- An international agreement that sets binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions; the average target is 5% of 1990levels by 2008-2012
Carbon Credit-It an organization products more greenhouse gases than it is allowed it can purcahse a credit from an organization that is below target emission levels.
{Figure 13-17.JPG} CFC consumption, 1999 (percentage of world totals)
{Figure 13-18.JPG} 8 Canadian greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 1990–2007. The green line indicates Canada’s GHG emission targets outlined in the Kyoto Protoco
{Figure 13-19.JPG} Greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming
{Figure 13-20.JPG} How the greenhouse effect works. Excess carbon dioxide accumulations trap heat that would otherwise be radiated back into space.
{Figure 13-21.JPG} A 2009 UN Environment Programme (UNEP) report on climate change outlined the elements of Earth’s system vulnerable to possible change.
{Figure 13-24.JPG} Potential impacts of climate change on agricultural crops in Canada
{Figure 13-25.JPG} Coastlines of Canada likely to be affected by rising sea levels
{Figure 13-26.JPG} Three approaches to limiting GHG emissions being discussed in Canada and the United States
{Figure 13-28.JPG} Advantages and disadvantages of various sustainable energy sources