Demography- The study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues.
Census- The process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic, and social data about all people living in a particular area.
Developed Country- A country with a highly developed economy and inffrastructure and high living standards
Developing Country - A country with a less sophisticated economy and lower standard of living than developed country; may have extensive poverty
Birth Rate- The numbers of births per 1000 people in a country in a given year
Death Rate- the number of deaths per 1000 people in a country in a given year
Birth and death rates in Canada (per 1000 people), 1950–2010
Immigration Rate- The number of new arrivals in a country given a year per 1000 people.
Immigration rates for 1945-1967
Emigration Rate- The number of people leaving a country in a given year per 1000 people
Natural Increase(NI) - The rate at which a population increases (or decreases) in a year expressed in as a percentage of the total population; calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate.
Natural increase of selected countries, 2005-2010 This does not include immigrants.
Exponential Rate- A rapid rate of population growth as each generation doubles in size
Rule of 70- The time it takes a country to double its population, about 70 divided by the country's growth rate.
Doubling Time- The number of years it take a country to double its population at its current growth rate.
Population growth rate and doubling times.
Net Migration- The difference between the number of people immigrating to a country and the number of people emmigrating.
Population growth rate is the combination of a country’s natural increase and its net migration.
Migrant- A person who moves from one region to another.
Life Expectancy- The average number of years an individual is expected to live.
Life expectancy at birth in selected countries for 1900, 1950 and 2010
Demographic Transition Model- A model that shows changes in a population's birth and death rates and growth based on technological development
The demographic transition model showing examples of countries in various stages of demographic transition.
Industrialization- The overall change in a society from farm production and craftsmanship to mechanized manufacturing production.
Urbanization- The move of people from farms to cities where jobs are avaible
Mortality- deaths in a population
Population Pyramid- A bar that shows male and female populations back to back at age intervals of five years
Population pyramids for Canada, 1911 and 2006
Age Cohort- An age group in a population, for example the number of people between the ages of 10 and 14
Age Structure- A structure that helps us understand changes in a population.
Dependency Ratio- The proportion of the population(children and those over 65 years of age) that is being supported by the working age group
Dependency Load- The percentage of a population that is your younger than 15 or older than 64 years of age.
Population Distribution- The pattern of where people live in an area
World population distribution.
Ecumene- The populated area of the world
Population Density- The number of people living in a given area; calculated by dividng the population by its area.
Population density of the countries of the world, 2008
Physical Factors affecting population density-
-Climate – Areas that are very dry or very cold generally have lower densities.
-Landscape – Lowlands near the rims of continents have the highest densities.
-Resources – Areas rich in a variety of resources will attract higher densities.
-Soils – Rich river valley and lowland soils result in higher densities.
-Vegetation – Areas of very dense vegetation, such as rainforests, have low densities. In temperate zones, former forested areas and grasslands have high densities.
-Water – A reliable water supply from rainfall or rivers is necessary for higher densities.
-Accessibility – Areas that are easier to reach by land or sea will increase in population.7
Human factors affecting population density-
Communications – Areas that are easier to reach by land or sea will increase in population.
Culture – Nomadic or agricultural cultures may determine the level of density.
Development – Areas with a highly developed economy will have much higher densities.
Disease – Areas with a high incidence of disease will have low densities.
Government policies – May encourage settlement in remote areas, as in the case of Brazil and the Amazon basin, the Soviet Union moving workers to new cities in Siberia, or in Canada’s eastern Arctic where Innu settlement was forced.
Major factors affecting population density
Nutritional Density-A measure of how much nutrition in calories can be produced from a certain area; an area with fertile soil and adequate temperatures and precipitation will have a higher nutritional density than an area such as Canada’s North.
Crude population densities and nutritional densities for selected countries
Impact of Changes in Global Population
Issues
Concern or Problem
Not a Concern or Problem
overpopulation
China and India’s population exceeds one billion living in close conditions with extremes of poverty and wealth and limited land
Canada and New Zealand contain large tracts of land with a relatively small population
immigration/emigration
Russia does not do very well because people are leaving do to corruption.
Canada has a very good immigration and allows multiple immigration to Canada
dependency ratio
In japan there are fewer workers and thus less people to care for the seniors. This also cannot maintain their economic position
Some countries also have way to many children and very few working class people that can support them
Canada has a pretty good dependency load pf 31.4% workers 17.7% children and 13.7% Senior
population density
Both China and India have huge population per square kilometer 100-499 people soon they will be packed like sardines
Canadian population density is 3.5 persons per spare kilometer. This is due to all the space Canada and not a lot of immigrants.
nutritional density
The productivity of BC is not very good because we have a short growing season
China has great rich soils, and ideal climate to have 3 crops a year
Census- The process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic, and social data about all people living in a particular area.
Developed Country- A country with a highly developed economy and inffrastructure and high living standards
Developing Country - A country with a less sophisticated economy and lower standard of living than developed country; may have extensive poverty
Birth Rate- The numbers of births per 1000 people in a country in a given year
Death Rate- the number of deaths per 1000 people in a country in a given year
Immigration Rate- The number of new arrivals in a country given a year per 1000 people.
Emigration Rate- The number of people leaving a country in a given year per 1000 people
Natural Increase(NI) - The rate at which a population increases (or decreases) in a year expressed in as a percentage of the total population; calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate.
Exponential Rate- A rapid rate of population growth as each generation doubles in size
Rule of 70- The time it takes a country to double its population, about 70 divided by the country's growth rate.
Doubling Time- The number of years it take a country to double its population at its current growth rate.
Net Migration- The difference between the number of people immigrating to a country and the number of people emmigrating.
Migrant- A person who moves from one region to another.
Life Expectancy- The average number of years an individual is expected to live.
Demographic Transition Model- A model that shows changes in a population's birth and death rates and growth based on technological development
Industrialization- The overall change in a society from farm production and craftsmanship to mechanized manufacturing production.
Urbanization- The move of people from farms to cities where jobs are avaible
Mortality- deaths in a population
Population Pyramid- A bar that shows male and female populations back to back at age intervals of five years
Age Cohort- An age group in a population, for example the number of people between the ages of 10 and 14
Age Structure- A structure that helps us understand changes in a population.
Dependency Ratio- The proportion of the population(children and those over 65 years of age) that is being supported by the working age group
Dependency Load- The percentage of a population that is your younger than 15 or older than 64 years of age.
Population Distribution- The pattern of where people live in an area
Ecumene- The populated area of the world
Population Density- The number of people living in a given area; calculated by dividng the population by its area.
Physical Factors affecting population density-
-Climate – Areas that are very dry or very cold generally have lower densities.
-Landscape – Lowlands near the rims of continents have the highest densities.
-Resources – Areas rich in a variety of resources will attract higher densities.
-Soils – Rich river valley and lowland soils result in higher densities.
-Vegetation – Areas of very dense vegetation, such as rainforests, have low densities. In temperate zones, former forested areas and grasslands have high densities.
-Water – A reliable water supply from rainfall or rivers is necessary for higher densities.
-Accessibility – Areas that are easier to reach by land or sea will increase in population.7
Human factors affecting population density-
Communications – Areas that are easier to reach by land or sea will increase in population.
Culture – Nomadic or agricultural cultures may determine the level of density.
Development – Areas with a highly developed economy will have much higher densities.
Disease – Areas with a high incidence of disease will have low densities.
Government policies – May encourage settlement in remote areas, as in the case of Brazil and the Amazon basin, the Soviet Union moving workers to new cities in Siberia, or in Canada’s eastern Arctic where Innu settlement was forced.
Nutritional Density-A measure of how much nutrition in calories can be produced from a certain area; an area with fertile soil and adequate temperatures and precipitation will have a higher nutritional density than an area such as Canada’s North.
Impact of Changes in Global Population
Some countries also have way to many children and very few working class people that can support them