Stewardship- Careful management of resources to ensure that they are sustainable

Carrying Capacity-The largest population that an environment can support

Deforestation-The process of destroying a forest and replacing it with something else

Global Warming- The observed and projected increase in the earth's average temperature due to burning of fossil fuels and deforestation

Acid Precipitation- Any form of precipitation that is high in sulfuric and nitric acids as a result of pollution in air.

Sustainable development-A way to maintain economic growth without damaging the environment.

Herbicides-Substances used to kill plants

CO2 Emissions- Carbon dioxide emissions caused by burning of fossil fuels; largest contributor to global warming

Biodiversity- Having a variety of life forms

Ecotourism- Tourism to threatened areas that tries to be low-impact and small scale.

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Only a small percentage of Earth’s surface can be used for growing crops, yet soils are being lost and degraded around the world.


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Immediate effects of deforestation are dramatic and wide ranging.

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This map shows forested areas that existed under natural conditions. Much of the forested areas in India, China, Western Europe, and eastern North America have been cleared.



Ground Water-Water beneath Earth's surface in underround streams and other forms

Surface Water- Water that is readily available to earths surface in streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and oceans.

Wastewater- Water that has been used in homes or industries and as a result contains waste products

Aquifer- An underground layer of rock, grave, etc., from which water can be drawn for wells which is a source of springs.

Carbon Footprint-The total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle o a product of service.


Figure 13-11.JPG
Global water withdrawals by supply source


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Groundwater depletion. Overpumping with diesel and electric pumps mines the water faster than it can be recharged by rain or seepage from surface sources. The falling water table means wells must be dug deeper.


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Average water use per person per day, 1998–2002


Greenhouse gases- Various gases in the atmosphere that absorbs and emit radiation, including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

Ozone layer- A thin layer of ozone in the atmosphere that 15-30kms above Earth; the Ozone layer filters the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays

CFC-Chemicals used in coolants, solvents, and aerosol cans that damage the ozone layer

Montreal Protocol-An international agreement signed 1987 to phase out the ozone-depleting

Greenhouse effect-greenhouse gases that heat the atmosphere, causing Earth's temperature to rise.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change- the UN's plan to keep greenhouse gas concentrations from increasing created at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janerio, Brazil.

Kyoto Protocol- An international agreement that sets binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions; the average target is 5% of 1990levels by 2008-2012

Carbon Credit-It an organization products more greenhouse gases than it is allowed it can purcahse a credit from an organization that is below target emission levels.

Figure 13-17.JPG
CFC consumption, 1999 (percentage of world totals)


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8 Canadian greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 1990–2007. The green line indicates Canada’s GHG emission targets outlined in the Kyoto Protoco


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Greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming


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How the greenhouse effect works. Excess carbon dioxide accumulations trap heat that would otherwise be radiated back into space.




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A 2009 UN Environment Programme (UNEP) report on climate change outlined the elements of Earth’s system vulnerable to possible change.



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Potential impacts of climate change on agricultural crops in Canada



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Coastlines of Canada likely to be affected by rising sea levels


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Three approaches to limiting GHG emissions being discussed in Canada and the United States


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Advantages and disadvantages of various sustainable energy sources